The lower part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). Commentary on the Gospel according to John Books 1-10, Ed. All three Synoptic Gospels mention this miracle, Matthew writes about two possessed men instead of just one, and only some manuscripts of his Gospel name the location as Gergesa, while the other copies, as well as all versions of Luke and Mark, mention either Gadara or Gerasa (see Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39, Matthew 8:28-34). It lights up the landscape as the eye does the human face; and it is often spoken of as "the eye of Galilee." Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee (Luke 8:26)-antipera tes Galilaias ("over against Galilee"). All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. Still other pilgrimage sites, such as Magdala, have been only recently rediscovered by archaeological excavations after having been entirely forgotten for more than a thousand years. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time. [10] Four of the apostles, and these the chief, had been brought up as fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. In 1 Maccabees 11:67 the sea is called "the water of Gennesar" (the Revised Version (British and American) "Gennesareth"). With these, however, the Gerasenes dealt mercifully, letting such as wished go free, and escorting them to the border (BJ, II, xviii, 1, 5). Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight."[1]. 3. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. Capernaum is a Peru city located at the longitude of -77.488175 and latitude of -4.446235 . Although the site was severely damaged, life continued as before, but with a lower living standard. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. Thats a pretty early source, and hes appealing to an earlier tradition (from which they point out) but whether the entry really reflects ancient tradition is hard to know. It maybe taken as certain that the jurisdiction of Gadara, as the chief city in these regions, extended over the country East of the Sea, including the lands of the subordinate town, GERASA (which see). Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). , Flavius Josephus and Steve Mason, Flavius Josephus: Life of Josephus (Boston; Leiden: Brill, 2003), 47. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. Ewing. These variations caused little concern to the early Christian fathers who, in the late third century (as we know from literary sources), fixed the site of the miracle on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the mouth of Wadi Samak, also known as the Valley of Kursi (KOOR-see). [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). The road then crosses a second promontory, and proceeds along the base of the mountain to Tiberias. to Capernaum, to Bethsaida . From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. The distance from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers. It is therefore significant that only the Fourth Gospel speaks of "Bethsaida of Galilee. The Merneptah Steles discovery, transcription, and what it shows us about annihilation in the biblical text. Gadara was the capital of Matthews country of the Gadarenes. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. The abundance of fish at each place furnished a good reason for the recurrence of the name.W. However, later, probably after the Persian invasion in 614 A.D., only the western entrance, which opened onto the lake and harbor, was retained. ", beth-sa'-i-da (Bethsaida, "house of fishing"):(1) A city East of the Jordan, in a "desert place" (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32 Luke 9:10). 6.211. To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. If the waters are still, the shining splendors of the mountain may be seen mirrored in the blue depths. The narrative in question is the healing of Legion. In the northern part of the enclosure, we excavated the remains of the residential quarters of the monastery compound. There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. Within the apse is a bench subdivided into semicircular, plastered seats. The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. These differences caused copyists of the gospels to perform no end of monkey-business with the sentence there are 3 variants for each of the synoptic gospels.2 Were looking at a genuine problem that was recognised very early. Cana: 32.744999: 35.339758: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 26.51 km: The Sea of Galilee is Israel's largest freshwater lake. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. This condition is fulfilled only by the district immediately South of Wady Semak, North of Qal `at el-Chucn. Performance & security by Cloudflare. He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. "Jesus of Nazareth" was born in Bethlehem. Login & Purchase. Almost from the beginning of Christianity, the area around the Sea of Galilee has been a major focus of Christian pilgrimage, a focus second only to Jerusalem. Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. Country of the Gerasenes:The town itself is not named in Scripture, and is referred to only in the expression, "country of the Gerasenes" (Mark 5:1 Luke 8:26, 37; see Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, Appendix, 11). From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. This describes the district in which Christ met and healed the demoniac from the tombs, where also took place the destruction of the swine. Nevertheless, life continued at Kursi. (Matthew 8:28; Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26) In Gerasenes in place of Gadarenes. The narratives of Mark and Luke tell us that the heard of pigs was located on the hillside and that the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea (Mk 5:13 Lukes record is pretty much identical). It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. [8] [9] The distance between Bethsaida and Paneas is said to have been 50 mi (80 km). John, writing after 84 A.D., would hardly have used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and recalling the former familiar conditions. A few birds escaped the iconoclasts blows, however, because they lay under fallen columns or under entranceways that had been blocked, and therefore had avoided notice. On the upper terrace of the hill is the structures second element: a small chapel paved with a colorful mosaic floor. In any event, the "country of the Gergesenes/Gadarenes/Gerasenes" in the New Testament Gospels refers to some location on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. The fruits of Gennesaret had such high repute among the rabbis that they were not allowed in Jerusalem at the time of the feasts, lest any might be tempted to come merely for their enjoyment (Neubauer, Geog. However, Im not alone in thinking that this isnt the best explanation.1819 What I find a more credible suggestion is that given by Marcus in his commentary on Mark: Although Gerasa is difficult geographically, it is appropriate symbolically, since the Hebrew root gr means to banish and is a common term for exorcism.20. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 673. If Gamala, far down the eastern shore of the sea, were in Galilee, a fortiori Bethsaida, a town which lay on the very edge of the Jordan, may be described as in Galilee.But Josephus makes it plain that Gamala, while added to his jurisdiction, was not in Galilee, but in Gaulonitis (BJ, II, xx, 6). It is almost 20 miles from Amman (Philadelphia), and 22 from Fahil (Pella). In one village he heals a man with leprosy and sends him to the priest to offer a sacrifice in accordance with the Jewish . This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 Only about 60 percent have survived, but this is enough to attest that the mosaics in the church at Kursi exemplified mosaic art in its finest tradition. Some of these it is impossible to identify. Jesus is in Capernaum, he gets on a boat, sails across the Sea of Galilee, ends up in a storm, and calms the water. Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. A herd of swine running headlong down the mountain would here inevitably perish in the lake (Matthew 8:32, etc.). It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). he first invaded Palestine (Polyb. 31 or 32. Important Roman remains have recently been discovered here. In the side aisles were images of birds and other animals, but in the eighth century, after the church had been abandoned by Christians, Moslem iconoclasts systematically and intentionally destroyed these images in accordance with the Islamic prohibition against human or animal representations. (Ant., XVII, xi, 4; BJ, II, vi, 3). If we accept Marcan Priority (which we do around here) then weve got Mark writing country of the Gerasenes, Luke following him faithfully, but Matthew deliberately changing Gerasenes to Gadarenes in his version of events. The modern town stands at the northern corner of the plain; while at the southern end are the famous hot baths, the ancient Hammath. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. (iii) Mark says that the boat started to go unto the other side to Bethsaida, while John, gives the direction "over the sea unto Capernaum" (Mark 6:17). (2) Bethsaida of Galilee, where dwelt Philip, Andrew, Peter (John 1:44; John 12:21), and perhaps also James and John. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). These demon-possessed pigs then run headlong into the lake and, presumably, drown. As in the case of the other Bethsaida, no name has been recovered to guide us to the site. In their season the wild flowers lavish a wealth of lovely colors upon the surrounding slopes; while bright-blossoming oleanders fringe the shore.Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. The sheltering hills provide excellent grazing areas, particularly for hogs, which are best suited to these rocky hills. Driving distance between Capernaum, Israel and Jerusalem, Israel is calculated by google maps and it is 99 mi. MARK. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. (iv) In view of the frequent repetition of names in Palestine the nearness of the two Bethsaidas raises no difficulty. The bulldozer was stopped and the Department of Antiquities and Museums was called in to excavate scientifically. A person seated on this bench beholds, through the chapels small prayer hall, an excellent view of the enclosed rock on the terrace below, and, from there, of the monastery at the bottom of the hill and the Sea of Galilee beyond. (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994), 18, 72, 121. The place is not mentioned till later times. If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. , Which is why I dont buy McRays argument, The problem is in the similarity of spelling in Greek. Geographically its certainly a better fit than Gerasa or Gadara. At the end of the nave is a semicircular apse. This street was over 25 feet wide and was paved with carefully cut, black basalt stones. A dedicatory inscription contains the date 685 A.D. At this time the residential area was clustered around the church, and most of the former residential quarters were left unrepaired and unsettled. Description:Modern Jerash lies on both banks of Wady Jerash, about 6 miles from its confluence with Wady ez-Zerqa (the Jabbok). Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. Rows of columns separate the central nave from the aisles on either side. Gerasa itself is probably represented by the ruins of Kurseh on the South side of Wady Semak, just where it opens on the seashore. Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. The absence of any name resembling Bethsaida need not concern us.Were There Two Bethsaidas? :Many scholars maintain that all the New Testament references to Bethsaida apply to one place, namely, Bethsaida Julias. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. The triumphal arch to the South of the city is almost entire. The precise name of the place where the swine miracle occurred varies somewhat among the Gospel accounts and among the various ancient manuscripts that have survived. One of the most significant sites on the eastern shore is the place where the so-called swine miracle is thought to have occurred. The ruins include those of two theaters, a basilica, a temple, and many important buildings, telling of a once great and splendid city. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). The healing of Legion is narrated in all three synoptic gospels; they all begin by describing where the event took place: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.1, Mark 5:1 They came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gerasenes., Luke 8:26 Then they arrived at the country of the Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee.. Sites such as Capernaum, the center of Jesus mission before he left for Jerusalem; Bethsaida, the birthplace of the apostles Andrew, Peter and Philip; Magdala, the home of Mary Magdalene; Tabga, where the miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes occurred; and the Sea of Galilee itselfall are places that to the Christian recall events connected with Jesus life, the miracles he performed and the sacred words he uttered. When he sees Jesus, the demoniac begs Jesus not to torment him. The indigo plant is grown in the plain of Gennesaret. The chapel has an apse constructed within a natural rock shelter. John 1:44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The Name:The first syllable of the name Gennesaret is evidently the Hebrew gan, "garden"; while the second may be a proper name. Slowly, perhaps, but surely, the old order is giving place to the new. Some would identify the place with RAMOTH-GILEAD, which see.The site is now occupied by a colony of Circassians, and there is reason to fear that, unless something is done to preserve them, many valuable remains of antiquity will perish.W. PLACE. In contrast to the western shore, the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee has usually lain outside the area of the Christian pilgrims principal interest. Calms a storm from . 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